自动问题回答是电子商务中的一个重要但具有挑战性的任务，因为用户发布了有兴趣购买的产品的数百万个问题。因此，对使用有关产品的相关信息提供快速响应的自动答案生成系统存在很大的需求。他们有三种知识来源可用于接听用户发布查询，它们是评论，重复或类似的问题和规范。有效利用这些信息来源将极大地帮助我们回答复杂问题。然而，利用这些来源存在两个主要挑战：（i）存在无关信息和（ii）的存在评论和类似问题的情绪模糊。通过这项工作，我们提出了一种新的管道（MSQAP），其通过在生成响应之前分别执行相关性和歧义预测来利用上述来源中存在的丰富信息。实验结果表明，与硼基基线相比，我们的相关性预测模型（BERT-QA）优于所有其他变体，并且在F1分数中提高了12.36％。我们的生成模型（T5-QA）优于所有内容保存度量的基线，如Bleu，Rouge，并且在Bleu中的平均提高35.02％，与最高表现为基线（HSSC-Q）相比，BLEU中的198.75％。人为评估我们的管道向我们展示了我们的方法在生成模型（T5-QA）上的准确性提高了30.7％，导致我们的全部管道的方法（MSQAP）提供更准确的答案。据我们所知，这是电子商务域中的第一个工作，它自动生成自然语言答案，将目前的信息与规格，类似问题和评论数据相结合。

Classically, the development of humanoid robots has been sequential and iterative. Such bottom-up design procedures rely heavily on intuition and are often biased by the designer's experience. Exploiting the non-linear coupled design space of robots is non-trivial and requires a systematic procedure for exploration. We adopt the top-down design strategy, the V-model, used in automotive and aerospace industries. Our co-design approach identifies non-intuitive designs from within the design space and obtains the maximum permissible range of the design variables as a solution space, to physically realise the obtained design. We show that by constructing the solution space, one can (1) decompose higher-level requirements onto sub-system-level requirements with tolerance, alleviating the "chicken-or-egg" problem during the design process, (2) decouple the robot's morphology from its controller, enabling greater design flexibility, (3) obtain independent sub-system level requirements, reducing the development time by parallelising the development process.

Despite the remarkable success achieved by graph convolutional networks for functional brain activity analysis, the heterogeneity of functional patterns and the scarcity of imaging data still pose challenges in many tasks. Transferring knowledge from a source domain with abundant training data to a target domain is effective for improving representation learning on scarce training data. However, traditional transfer learning methods often fail to generalize the pre-trained knowledge to the target task due to domain discrepancy. Self-supervised learning on graphs can increase the generalizability of graph features since self-supervision concentrates on inherent graph properties that are not limited to a particular supervised task. We propose a novel knowledge transfer strategy by integrating meta-learning with self-supervised learning to deal with the heterogeneity and scarcity of fMRI data. Specifically, we perform a self-supervised task on the source domain and apply meta-learning, which strongly improves the generalizability of the model using the bi-level optimization, to transfer the self-supervised knowledge to the target domain. Through experiments on a neurological disorder classification task, we demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly improves target task performance by increasing the generalizability and transferability of graph-based knowledge.

In this work, we used a semi-supervised learning method to train deep learning model that can segment the brain MRI images. The semi-supervised model uses less labeled data, and the performance is competitive with the supervised model with full labeled data. This framework could reduce the cost of labeling MRI images. We also introduced robust loss to reduce the noise effects of inaccurate labels generated in semi-supervised learning.

Human activity recognition (HAR) using IMU sensors, namely accelerometer and gyroscope, has several applications in smart homes, healthcare and human-machine interface systems. In practice, the IMU-based HAR system is expected to encounter variations in measurement due to sensor degradation, alien environment or sensor noise and will be subjected to unknown activities. In view of practical deployment of the solution, analysis of statistical confidence over the activity class score are important metrics. In this paper, we therefore propose XAI-BayesHAR, an integrated Bayesian framework, that improves the overall activity classification accuracy of IMU-based HAR solutions by recursively tracking the feature embedding vector and its associated uncertainty via Kalman filter. Additionally, XAI-BayesHAR acts as an out of data distribution (OOD) detector using the predictive uncertainty which help to evaluate and detect alien input data distribution. Furthermore, Shapley value-based performance of the proposed framework is also evaluated to understand the importance of the feature embedding vector and accordingly used for model compression

国家识别问题旨在识别任何系统（例如建筑物或工厂）的权力使用模式。在这篇挑战论文中，我们可以从美国和印度的8个制造，教育和医疗机构的机构中提供电力使用数据集，并提供基于机器学习的最初基于机器学习的解决方案，以此作为社区加速该领域研究的基准。

本文描述了对象目标导航任务的框架，该任务要求机器人从随机的启动位置查找并移至目标对象类的最接近实例。该框架使用机器人轨迹的历史记录来学习空间关系图（SRG）和图形卷积网络（GCN）基于基于不同语义标记区域的可能性以及这些区域不同对象类别的发生的可能性。为了在评估过程中定位目标对象实例，机器人使用贝叶斯推理和SRG估计可见区域，并使用学习的GCN嵌入来对可见区域进行排名，并选择接下来的区域。

通过自动化的学习，以改进的智能城市应用程序的自动化学习来加速和增强数据。在物联网（IoT）生态系统的背景下，数据通信通常是昂贵，效率低下，不可扩展并且缺乏安全性。联合学习（FL）在提供隐私和沟通有效的机器学习（ML）框架方面起着关键作用。在本文中，我们评估了在智能城市街道灯光监控应用程序中FL的可行性。针对Lampposts操作的分类任务的集中式和（完全）个性化的机器学习技术的基准评估FL。在这种情况下合并FL显示出对分类任务的绩效最小的降低，但沟通成本和保留性保留的巨大改善。这些结果增强了FL的生存能力和物联网应用的潜力。

细分是MRI医学图像分析中最重要的任务之一，通常是许多临床应用中的第一步也是最关键的步骤。在大脑MRI分析中，头部分割通常用于测量和可视化大脑的解剖结构，也是其他应用的必要步骤，例如电脑摄影和磁脑摄影（EEG/MEG）中的电流源重建。在这里，我们提出了一个深度学习框架，该框架可以仅使用T1加权MRI作为输入来分割大脑，头骨和颅外组织。此外，我们描述了一种在嘈杂标签的存在下训练模型的强大方法。

解释机器学习决策的问题是经过深入研究和重要的。我们对一种涉及称为图形神经网络的图形数据的特定类型的机器学习模型感兴趣。众所周知，由于缺乏公认的基准，评估图形神经网络（GNN）的可解释性方法是具有挑战性的。鉴于GNN模型，存在几种可解释性方法来解释具有多种（有时相互矛盾的）方法论的GNN模型。在本文中，我们提出了一个基准，用于评估称为Bagel的GNN的解释性方法。在百吉饼中，我们首先提出了四种不同的GNN解释评估制度 - 1）忠诚，2）稀疏性，3）正确性。 4）合理性。我们在现有文献中调和多个评估指标，并涵盖了各种概念以进行整体评估。我们的图数据集范围从引文网络，文档图，到分子和蛋白质的图。我们对四个GNN模型和九个有关节点和图形分类任务的事后解释方法进行了广泛的实证研究。我们打开基准和参考实现，并在https://github.com/mandeep-rathee/bagel-benchmark上提供它们。